Machine-Aided Formant Determination for Speech Synthesis
William J. Strong · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1967
A semi-automatic analysis-synthesis scheme that can be viewed as a “manual formant vocoder” is described. A human operator makes decisions about formant positions on processed speech data. The parameters which result from the operator decisions are used to control a four-pole parallel synthesizer. Speech processed by the system had an error rate of 4.2% for vowels and 16.9% for consonants.