Immersive Tendency, Feeling of Presence, and Simulator Sickness: Formulation of a Causal Model
Christian J. Jerome, Bob G. Witmer · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · 2002
Three virtual environment (VE) constructs were studied and a model was generated to explain the relations among them. Data were gathered using the Immersive Tendency Questionnaire (ITQ), the Presence Questionnaire (PQ), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The model was tested and modified using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the original hypothesized model did not fit the data very well (which is typical), but after respecification the model showed good fit to the data. These results suggest that immersive tendency may have an effect upon simulator sickness and presence, and simulator sickness may have an effect upon presence.