On the transition between the sounding modes of a flute
Yasuji Sawada, Shigeo Sakaba · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1980
Mode transitions between the sounding modes of a flute were studied experimentally with an artificial mouth. This consisted of a nitrogen beam blown through a nozzle onto the embouchure of a real flute head pipe connected to a single open pipe. The nature of the transition depends sensitively on the angle of attack, the transverse displacement, and the length of the nitrogen beam. A qualitative model is discussed to understand the nature of the mode transition.