"Closing" some doors for the open semantic web
Jeff Z. Pan · 2012
John McCarthy defines Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer systems. To build intelligent systems, many of AI researchers, including experts in machine learning and data mining, focus on building "smart applications", which perform complex transformations and manipulations on raw data to discover insights and hidden patterns. On the other hand, the Semantic Web, which exploits the state of the art technologies (in particular ontology reasoning) from Knowledge Representation, a well established branch of AI, attempts to build intelligent systems based on "smart data", which is annotated and described by ontological vocabulary. The "smart application" and "smart data" directions constitute two major approaches to intelligent system. The former is generally the inductive approach that exploits the pattern of large amount of data. The later is generally the deductive approach that exploits the possibilities of even a small fraction of data. These two approaches complement each other in many complex scenarios: