Precision limits of lock-in amplifiers below unity signal-to-noise ratios
G. T. Gillies, Stephen W. Allison · Review of Scientific Instruments · 1986
An investigation of noise-related performance limits of commercial-grade lock-in amplifiers has been carried out. The dependence of the output measurement error on the input signal-to-noise ratio was established in each case and measurements of noise-related gain variations were made.