GENERATING THE FULL TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUP USING ORDER PRESERVING MAPPINGS
Peter M. Higgins, James D. Mitchell, Nik Ruškuc · Glasgow Mathematical Journal · 2003
For a linearly ordered set $X$ we consider the relative rank of the semigroup of all order preserving mappings $\mathcal{O}_{X}$ on $X$ modulo the full transformation semigroup $\mathcal{T}_{X}$ . In other words, we ask what is the smallest cardinality of a set $A$ of mappings such that $\genset{\mathcal{O}_{X}\cup A}=\mathcal{T}_{X}$ . When $X$ is countably infinite or well-ordered (of arbitrary cardinality) we show that this number is one, while when $X=\mathbb{R}$ (the set of real numbers) it is uncountable.