CMOS voltage to current transducers
Randy Torrance, T.R. Viswanathan, Jutta Hanson · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems · 1985
This paper explores in detail the possible approaches to. the design of voltage- or current-controllable linear transconductance elements needed for the design of continuous-time CMOS active filters. The focus of the paper is on circuit configurations, techniques of achieving linearity, and temperature compensation using the controlling variable. Circuit techniques for obtaining small transductance values are outlined. Simulation results are presented.