A new social contract for research
Peter J. Denning · Communications of the ACM · 1997
1809, did the most to spread the notion that universities are places of research [4].Their sole job had been to give students a broad education and to prepare them for careers in church or government.Humboldt held that professors should be scholars and researchers as well as teachers.Over the next hundred years, Humboldt's idea spread to universities everywhere.The world over, universities became centers of scientific advancement and intellectual ferment.