Generation of entangled states of two atoms inside a leaky cavity
T. W. Chen, C. K. Law, P. T. Leung · Physical Review A · 2003
An in-depth theoretical study is carried out to examine the quasideterministic entanglement of two atoms inside a leaky cavity. Two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atoms, initially in their ground states, may become maximally entangled through the interaction with a single photon. By working out an exact analytic solution, we show that the probability of success depends crucially on the spectral function of the injected photon. With a cavity photon, one can generate a maximally entangled state with a certain probability that is always less than $50%.$ However, for an injected photon with a narrower spectral width, this probability can be significantly increased. In particular, we discover situations in which entanglement can be achieved in a single trial with an almost unit probability.