A patch analysis approach for seam-carved image detection
Jyh-Da Wei, Yu-Ju Lin, Yi-Jing Wu, Li‐Wei Kang · 2013
Seam carving is a content-aware image resizing method [Shamir and Avidan 2007], which assigns Sobel-operator-based energy to each pixel and describes seams as the eight-connected paths of pixels. Successive removal of the optimal seams, i.e., those seams with the lowest sum of energy, allows reduction in image size. Pixels with lower energy are generally removed earlier; implying that (1) the modifications to the image are difficult to identify and (2) low energy can be deliberately assigned to particular objects so that they can be removed from the image. These two observations reveal that, although difficult, it is important to design a seam carving detection method.