Game Playing Othello Neuro-EVOLUTION Marker-BASED Encoding
David E. Moriarty, Risto P Miikkulainen · Connection Science · 1995
An approach to develop new game-playing strategies based on artificial evolution of neural networks is presented. Evolution was directed to discover strategies in Othello against a random-moving opponent and later against an alpha - beta search program. The networks discovered first a standard positional strategy, and subsequently a mobility strategy, an advanced strategy rarely seen outside of tournaments. The latter discovery demonstrates how evolutionary neural networks can develop novel solutions by turning an initial disadvantage into an advantage in a changed environment.