All-or-None versus Incremental Learning of Errorless Shock Escapes by the Rat
Harold W. Coppóck, John E. Freund · Science · 1962
Investigation showed that in a two-choice correction procedure the probability of an errorless response in those rats which have consistently made errors is not constant, as required by the all-or-none model, but increases with trials. Even an all-or-none model which provides for accidental error and accidental success is inadequate.