Bayesian speaker recognition using Gaussian mixture model and laplace approximation
Shih-Sian Cheng, I-Fan Chen, Hsin‐Min Wang · 2010
This paper presents a Bayesian approach for Gaussian mix-ture model (GMM)-based speaker identification. Some ap-proaches evaluate the speaker score of a test speech utterance using a single data likelihood over the GMM learned by point estimation methods according to the maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori criteria. In contrast, the Bayesian ap-proach evaluates the score by using the expectation of the data likelihood over the posterior distribution of the model parame-ters, which is depicted by Bayesian integration. However, as the integration can not be derived analytically, we apply Laplace approximation to the derivations. Theoretically, we show that the proposed Bayesian approach is equivalent to the GMM-UBM approach when infinite training data is available for each speaker. The results of speaker identification experiments on the TIMIT corpus show that the proposed Bayesian approach consistently outperforms the GMM-UBM approach under very limited training data conditions, although the improvement is not very significant. Index Terms: speaker identification, speaker recognition, Bayesian inference, GMM-UBM