The origin of new qualities in the evolution of interacting dynamical systems
Dobilas Kirvelis · 1999
The principles of the emergence of new qualities are analyzed on the basis of the evolutionary analogies of biological systems and models of interacting systems. It is pointed out that competition does not create new qualities; it only elaborates on and disseminates a certain trait of the system. New qualities are generated by symbiotic interactions: mutualism, cooperation and predator-prey-like ones. Special attention is called to the evolution of the predator-prey-like system, as it evolves into an organized and even anticipatory system: when this system becomes a simple cybernetic regulator, when the predator specializes to process ∼1 bit of information; when the system can regulate many parameters and the predator becomes a complex processor of information that controls the activity of the Prey, that is the transformations of matter/energy, when additional memory structures that contain fixed sets of programs emerge (programmed control); and when, finally, a special structure that can model the internal and external world and store information develops, and the whole system becomes an anticipatory system.