SPINTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE LOGIC
Daniel H. Morris, David M. Bromberg, Jian-Gang Zhu, Larry Pileggi · International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems · 2012
This paper describes the design of digital logic circuits composed exclusively from magnetic devices. The logic level of a signal is embedded in the direction of steered currents, not voltages. The currents are steered by small (e.g., 2-3x) resistance changes. Sub-100 mV pulsed voltages power and synchronize the circuits. Logic gates are non-volatile, allowing for fully-pipelined logic that can achieve ultra-low energy for design examples.