A Classification of Biased Questions
Eugene Litwak · American Journal of Sociology · 1956
Ad hoc rules on question wording (i.e., cautions against loaded, vague, double-barreled expressions) can be systematically defined by the constructs of latent structure analysis--dimension and trace line. Bias in questions may lie in too many, too few, or inappropriate dimensions; incorrect assumptions about the trace line; or combinations of the two. Such systematic definitions give more precise criteria for the construction of questions as well as clearer objectives for research on it.