LAGRANGIAN APPROACH OF THE FIRST-CLASS CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS
Yong‐Wan Kim, Young-Jai Park, Seung-Kook Kim · Modern Physics Letters A · 1998
We show how to systematically derive the exact form of local symmetries for the Abelian Proca and CS models, which are converted into first-class constrained systems by the BFT formalism, in the Lagrangian formalism. As a result, without resorting to a Hamiltonian formulation we obtain the well-known U(1) symmetry for the gauge-invariant Proca model, while showing that for the CS model there exist novel symmetries as well as the usual symmetry transformations.