Nondeterministic gates for photonic single-rail quantum logic
Austin P. Lund, Timothy C. Ralph · Physical Review A · 2002
We discuss techniques for producing, manipulating, and measuring qubits encoded optically as vacuum- and single-photon states. We show that a universal set of nondeterministic gates can be constructed using linear optics and photon counting. We investigate the efficacy of a test gate given realistic detector efficiencies.