Note on the Design of “Terminal-Analog” Speech Synthesizers
James L. Flanagan · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1957
The synthesis of vowel sounds by lumped-constant electrical networks having transfer functions similar to the transmission properties of the vocal tract is considered. A comparison is made between cascade and parallel connections of simple electrical resonators for producing vowel sounds. The cascade arrangement of resonators is shown to yield vowel sounds having formants of proper amplitude when information specifying the formant frequencies only is known.