Dynamics of Five-Level Atoms in Two Standing Electromagnetic Waves
Soo Chang, B. M. Garraway, Vladimir G. Minogin · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan · 1990
We examine the dynamics of five-level atoms interacting with two standing waves. In our approach we describe the motion of the atoms by a Fokker-Planck equation, including the effect of velocity-dependent two-photon Raman processes within the second order rate equation approximation. By using this procedure we numerically calculate the cooled temperatures of sodium atoms. We then find two principal types of behaviour; that of two-level and three-level atomic systems. We are also able to find detunings of the standing waves for which the atoms are cooled to temperatures below the “Doppler limit”.