Speaker variability in speech based emotion models - Analysis and normalisation
Vidhyasaharan Sethu, Julien Epps, Eliathamby Ambikairajah · 2013
All features commonly utilised in speech based emotion classification systems capture both emotion-specific information and speaker-specific information. This paper proposes a novel method to gauge the effect of speaker-specific information on emotion modelling based on two measures: a Monte Carlo approximation to KL divergence and an estimate of feature variability based on diagonal covariance matrices. In addition, a novel speaker normalisation technique based on joint factor analysis is also proposed. This method is analogous to channel compensation in speaker verification systems, with one significant extension. The model domain compensation is mapped back to frame-level features, allowing for use in a wider range of emotion classification frameworks and in conjuncture with other normalisation techniques. Preliminary evaluations on the IEMOCAP database suggests that the proposed technique improves the performance of GMM based classification systems based on widely employed features such as pitch, MFCCs and deltas.