Video authentication with self-recovery
Mehmet Utku Celik, Gaurav Sharma, Ahmet Murat Tekalp, Eli S. Saber · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2002
Digital video has become increasingly susceptible to spatio-temporal manipulations as a result of recent advances in video editing tools. In this paper, we propose a secure and flexible fragile digital video authentication watermark which also enables the self-recovery of video content after malicious manipulations. In the proposed block-based method, the watermark payload of a block is composed of two parts: authentication and recovery packets. The authentication packet is a digital signature with a special structure and carries the spatio-temporal position of the block. The digital signature guarantees the authenticity and integrity of the block as well as the recovery packet, whereas the localization information prevents possible cut & paste attacks. On the other hand, the recovery packet contains a highly compressed version of a spatio-temporally distant block. This information enables the recovery of the distant block, upon detection of tampering by its authentication packet. A spatio-temporal interleaving scheme and a simple multiple description coding mechanism increase the probability of self recovery by diffusing recovery information throughout the sequence. Finally, watermark payload is embedded by least significant bit modulation.