On Achieving High Message Rates
Holger Fröning, Mondrian Nüssle, Heiner Litz, Christian Leber, Ulrich Brüning · 2013
Computer systems continue to increase in parallelism in all areas. Stagnating single thread performance as well as power constraints prevent a reversal of this trend, on the contrary, current projections show that the trend towards parallelism will accelerate. In cluster computing, scalability, and therefore the degree of parallelism, is limited by the network interconnect and more specifically by the message rate it provides. We designed an interconnection network specifically for high message rates. Among other things, it reduces the burden on the software stack by relying on communication engines that perform a large fraction of the send and receive functionality in hardware. It also supports multi-core environments very efficiently through hardware-level virtualization of the communication engines. We provide details on the overall architecture, the thin software stack, performance results for a set of MPI-based benchmarks, and an in-depth analysis of how application performance depends on the message rate. We vary the message rate by software and hardware techniques, and measure the application-level impact of different message rates. We are also using this analysis to extrapolate performance for technologies with wider data paths and higher line rates.