From acoustic tube to acoustic cues
Gary M. Kuhn · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1987
The relation between sound propagation in the acoustic tube and formant-based acoustic cues for the phonetic dimension of place of articulation is illustrated. The model for sound propagation comes from Chiba and Kajiyama [The Vowel (Phonetic Society of Japan, Tokyo, 1941)]. The evidence for the acoustic cues comes from the experimental literature published after 1941. The following are emphasized: (1) constriction of tubes and changes in formant frequencies; (2) constriction of tubes and invariants in the changes in formant frequencies; and (3) complexities of the changes in formant frequencies and simplifying rules derived from perceptual tests. A tape of modeled speech sounds will be played.