Self-adaptive niching differential evolution and its application to semi-fragile watermarking for two-dimensional barcodes on mobile phone screen
Satoshi Ono, Takeru Maehara, Hirokazu Sakaguchi, Taniyama Daisuke, Ryo Ikeda, Shigeru Nakayama · 2013
This paper proposes an algorithm named Neighborhood-and Crowding-based Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (NCjDE) for multi-optima problems. This paper also proposes its application for semi-fragile watermarking of colored two-dimensional (2D) barcodes with adequate semi-fragileness for copy detection, which are displayed on mobile phone screen and used for quick verification of items such as airplane boarding passes and coupons.