A digital nanovoltmeter
V. K. Ignat’ev, Andrey Valentinovich Nikitin, Sergey V. Perchenko, Dmitry A. Stankevich · Instruments and Experimental Techniques · 2012
The dynamic cancellation algorithm of the temperature error of the chopped-stabilized amplifier (modulation-demodulation (MDM) amplifier) is described. The digital voltmeter, which is based on this algorithm, features a sensitivity threshold of 0.1 nV, when the time constant is 850 s, and the temperature drift of the bias voltage is 40 pV/°C in a 400-μV dynamic range.