Brownian motion of quantum harmonic oscillators: Existence of a subdynamics
Göran Lindblad · Journal of Mathematical Physics · 1998
The effects of system-environment correlations on the dynamics of an open quantum system are investigated for the standard model of a set of quantum harmonic oscillators interacting with a heat bath of oscillators. By definition, a subdynamics is described by transformations of the open system observables. It is shown that such a construction can reproduce the observable properties of the exact dynamics only when the states of system and environment are uncorrelated, while for classical systems there is always a subdynamics. A quantum subdynamics cannot have the properties we associate with thermal fluctuations; the KMS relation at a finite temperature for the open system implies that the system must be closed. The conditions for having a subdynamics as a good approximation to the exact closed dynamics are investigated, and so are the similar but stronger conditions for a Markovian dynamics. It is also shown that a subdynamics defines the response of the open system to some types of time dependent external forces.