ANOVA Sums of Squares as Quadratic Forms
Sutaip L. C. Saw · The American Statistician · 1992
An elementary discussion, suitable for classroom presentation, is given on how to express sums of squares as matrix quadratic forms for two simple balanced ANOVA problems. The material presented should be useful for illustrating how Kronecker products and idempotent matrices arise in the theory on quadratic forms in normal random variables.