Time relations between harmonics of violin tones in dependence on playing techniques
Petr Volný, Jan Štěpánek, Václav Syrový · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1999
Particular violin tones were played by a professional violin player in an anechoic room. The tones from the whole violin range, played nonvibrato using selected bowing techniques (naturale, sul ponticello, sul tasto) and dynamics of playing (p, mf, f), were recorded. The analysis based on the short-time Fourier transform was used to compute the time courses of amplitudes and frequencies of separated harmonics from the SPL recordings of the tones. The time characteristics of the time envelopes of the whole tone and his harmonics were calculated in the next step. For example, attack time, decay time, and relative starting time were studied. The influence of playing techniques, dynamics, and tone pitch on these time characteristics was described.