Compression-compatible fragile and semifragile tamper detection
Lisa M. Marvel, George W. Hartwig, Charles Boncelet · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2000
In this paper, we present two tamper-detection techniques. The first is a fragile technique that can detect the most minor changes in a marked image using a DCT-based data hiding method to embed a tamper-detection mark. The second is a semi-fragile technique that detects the locations of significant manipulations while disregarding the less important effects of image compression and additive channel noise. Both techniques are fully described and the performance of each algorithms demonstrated by manipulation of the marked images.