A precision bilateral voltage-current converter
Bryan L. Hart, R.W.J. Barker · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · 1975
The use of precision complementary `current-mirrors', with an extended operating voltage range, facilitates the design of a bilateral voltage-current converter capable of driving either a linear or nonlinear load, one terminal of which may be held at a chosen reference level. A simple formula is given for estimating circuit performance limits relating to symmetrical behavior.