Complete Characterization of a Quantum Process: The Two-Bit Quantum Gate
J. F. Poyatos, J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller · Physical Review Letters · 1997
We show how to fully characterize a quantum process in an open quantum system. We particularize the procedure to the case of a universal two-qubit gate in a quantum computer. We illustrate the method with a numerical simulation of a quantum gate in the ion trap quantum computer.