Probabilistic and Combinatorial Aspects of the Card-Cyclic to Random Shuffle
Ross G. Pinsky · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2011
Abstract. Consider a permutation σ ∈ Sn as a deck of cards num-bered from 1 to n and laid out in a row, where σj denotes the number of the card that is in the j-th position from the left. We study some probabilistic and combinatorial aspects of the shuffle on Sn defined by removing and then randomly reinserting each of the n cards once, with the removal and reinsertion being performed according to the original left to right order of the cards. The novelty here in this nonstandard shuffle is that every card is removed and reinserted exactly once. The bias that remains turns out to be quite strong and possesses some sur-prising features. 1.