Sigma-delta techniques for integrated test and measurement
M.M. Hafed, Gordon Walter Roberts · 2002
An area efficient and robust integrated test core for analog and mixed-signal circuits is described. The core consists of two signal generators that approximate the output of a sigma-delta modulator using finite repetitious bit patterns. When these structures are coupled with simple filtering techniques and using minimal analog components, the resulting system is capable of performing many measurement functions typical of spectrum analyzers, multimeters, and oscilloscopes.