Comparison of input and feature space nonlinear kernel nuisance attribute projections for speaker verification
Xianyu Zhao, Yuan Dong, Jian Cun Zhao, Liang Lu, Jiqing Liu, Haila Wang · 2008
Nuisance attribute projection (NAP) was an effective method to reduce session variability in SVM-based speaker verification systems. As the expanded feature space of nonlinear kernels is usually high or infinite dimensional, it is difficult to find nuisance directions via conventional eigenvalue analysis and to do projection directly in the feature space. In this paper, two different approaches to nonlinear kernel NAP are investigated and compared. In one way, NAP projection is formulated in the expanded feature space and kernel PCA is employed to do kernel eigenvalue analysis. In the second approach, a gradient descent algorithm is proposed to find out projection over input variables. Experimental results on the 2006 NIST SRE corpus show that both kinds of NAP can reduce unwanted variability in nonlinear kernels to improve verification performance; and NAP performed in expanded feature space using kernel PCA obtains slightly better performance than NAP over input variables. Index Terms: speaker verification, session variability modeling, support vector machines, nuisance attribute projection 1.