Geographic Properties of Internet Routing
Lakshminarayanan Subramanian, Venkata N. Padmanabhan, Randy Howard Katz · 2002
In this paper, we study the geographic properties of Internet routing. Our work is distinguished from previous studies of Internet routing in that we consider the geographic path traversed by packets, not just the network path. We examine several geographic properties including the circuitousness of Internet routes, how multiple ISPs along an end-to-end path share the burden of routing packets, and the geographic fault tolerance of ISP networks. We evaluate these properties using extensive network measurements. We examine both the spatial and the temporal variations of some of the properties. We discuss the implications of our findings and make the case that geography is an interesting means for analyzing Internet properties. 1