End-to-end performance isolation through virtual datacenters
Sebastian Angel, Hitesh Ballani, Thomas Karagiannis, Greg O’Shea, Eno Thereska · 2014
The lack of performance isolation in multi-tenant dat-acenters at appliances like middleboxes and storage servers results in volatile application performance. To in-sulate tenants, we propose giving them the abstraction of a dedicated virtual datacenter (VDC). VDCs encapsulate end-to-end throughput guarantees—specified in a new metric based on virtual request cost—that hold across distributed appliances and the intervening network. We present Pulsar, a system that offers tenants their own VDCs. Pulsar comprises a logically centralized con-troller that uses new mechanisms to estimate tenants’ demands and appliance capacities, and allocates data-center resources based on flexible policies. These al-locations are enforced at end-host hypervisors through multi-resource token buckets that ensure tenants with changing workloads cannot affect others. Pulsar’s design does not require changes to applications, guest OSes, or appliances. Through a prototype deployed across 113 VMs, three appliances, and a 40 Gbps network, we show that Pulsar enforces tenants ’ VDCs while imposing over-heads of less than 2 % at the data and control plane. 1