Comparison of Student Initiatives in Keyboard-to-Keyboard and Face-to-Face Tutoring Sessions.
Jie Zhao, Jung Hee Kim, Martha W. Evens · 2003
Although human one-on-one tutoring has been shown to be a much more effective method of education than regular classroom teaching, it is very labor intensive, so many desire to construct intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) to mimic human face-to-face tutoring without the limitations of human resources. Most existing ITSs communicate via keyboard input. In this paper, we classify student initiatives in both human face-to-face tutoring and human keyboard-tokeyboard tutoring sessions. Our data shows that while the initiatives are similar in some categories, the two communication methods produce considerable differences in others. Our analysis suggests that the differences are mostly caused by the communication media and the conversational setting. We need to add more knowledge of social behavior to intelligent tutoring systems.