A NOTE ON EMERGENCE IN MULTI-AGENT STRING PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Rudolf Freund, Jozef Kelemen, Gheorghe Pǎun · 2003
We propose a way to define (and, in a certain extent, even to measure) the phenomenon of emergence which appears in a complex system of interacting agents whose global behaviour can be described by a language and whose components (agents) can also be associated with grammars and languages. The basic idea is to identify the linear composition of behaviours with closure under basic such as the AFL (Abstract Families of Languages) operations, which are standard in the theory of formal languages.