On Chosen Ciphertext Security of Multiple Encryptions.
Oded Goldreich, Yoad Lustig, Moni Naor · 2002
Previous treatments of encryption schemes secure under chosen ciphertext attacks (CCA) has referred to the technical definition of indistinguishability of encryptions. As in the case of security under passive (eavesdropping) attacks, we feel that the definition of semantic security is the more natural one. Thus, we first formulate semantic security under CCA, and show that it is indeed equivalent to the technical definition of CCA security (used in prior work).