Impact of Carrier-Grade NAT on web browsing
Enrico Bocchi, Ali Safari Khatouni, Stefano Traverso, Alessandro Finamore, Valeria Di Gennaro, Marco Mellia, Maurizio Matteo Munafò, Dario Rossi · 2015
Public IPv4 addresses are a scarce resource. While IPv6 adoption is lagging, Network Address Translation (NAT) technologies have been deployed over the last years to alleviate IPv4 exiguity and their high rental cost. In particular, Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) is a well known solution to mask a whole ISP network behind a limited amount of public IP addresses, significantly reducing expenses.