The inaccuracy and insincerity of real faces
Douglas W. Cunningham, Martin Breidt, Mario Kleiner, Christian Wallraven, HH Bülthoff, Hosamuddin Hamza · 2003
An avatar who’s behavior is unbelievable or easily misinterpreted will be an inefficient and possibly counterproductive conversational partner. Here, we psychophysically determined how recognizable and believable several real expressions were. In general, there is systematic confusion between particular expressions. Critically, even these real facial expressions were not always understood or believed. The results also provide the ground work necessary for a fine-grained analysis of the core components of these expressions. Some initial results from a model-based manipulation of the image sequences shows that such a detailed analysis can be an invaluable aid in the synthesis of unambiguous and believable Avatars.