Vocal Tract Length Normalization for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition
Puming Zhan, Alex Waibel · 1997
Generally speaking, the speaker-dependence of a speech recognition system stems from speaker-dependent speech feature. The variation of vocal tract length and/or shape is one of the major source of inter-speaker variations. In this paper, we address several methods of vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition: (1) explore the bilinear warping VTLN in frequency domain; (2) propose a speaker-specific Bark/Mel scale VTLN in Bark/Mel domain; (3) investigate adaptation of the normalization factor. Our experimental results show that the speaker-specific Bark/Mel scale VTLN is better than the piecewise/bilinear warping VTLN in frequency domain. It can reduce up to 12% word error rate for our Spanish and English spontaneous speech scheduling task database. For adaptation of the normalization factor, our experimental results show that promising result can be obtained by using not more than three utterances from a new speaker to estimate his/her n...