Performance Tests of High-Speed Load and Frequency Control Equipment [includes discussion]
C. P. Almon, John Donelson · Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers Part III Power Apparatus and Systems · 1954
NONMEMBERAIEE between TVA'ssystem anditsneighboringsystems. Themainobject hasbeen tocontrol theloadwithout passing onto theother systems anyunduefluctuations. Tomeetthis objective, numerous studies andtests havebeenmadetofind andcorrectbasic problems intheregulation of tie-line load.Thelatest available equipmentofmanufacturers wasapplied, and tests ofnewequipment havebeenmade. In1939greater difficulties were- encountered intie-line regulation because of expansion andincreased numberofinterconnections. Itwassoonfound thatcontrol equipment available atthattimefora widely dispersed system camefarshort ofgiving thedesired performance. Adequatetelemetering equipment wasnot available whichwouldoperate overdistances ofseveral hundred miles andstill havetimedelays nogreater thanthatencountered withswitchboard instruments andyetusetransmission facilities available, suchaspower-line carrier current and carrier current on telephone circuits. Fastcommercial equipment available at thattimerequired asolid metallic line, andhencewaslimited tocomparatively short distances. Equipment whichwas available forlong-distance usesatthis timeonelectric powersystems wasgenerally oftheimpulse-duration orbase-rate typeandthetimedelays ofeacharewell known.In1941and1942,numerous