A Taxonomy of Replay Attacks
Paul F. Syverson · 1994
This paper presents a taxonomy of replay attacks on cryptographic protocols in terms of message origin and destination. The taxonomy is independent of any method used to analyze or prevent such attacks. It is also complete in the sense that any replay attack is composed entirely of elements classified by the taxonomy. The classification of attacks is illustrated using both new and previously known attacks on protocols. The taxonomy is also used to discuss the appropriateness of particular countermeasures and protocol analysis methods to particular kinds of replays. Introduction Cryptographic protocols employ cryptography to achieve some security function. But, for many of these protocols the structure, hence the security, of the employed cryptographic algorithms is not considered to be part of the protocol itself. These algorithms are generically represented by notation capturing only gross features, e.g., whether the algorithm is for public or shared keys, whether it produces a hash...