Epidemic-based self-organization in peer-to-peer systems
Spyros Voulgaris · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · 2006
FIGURES 2.1 An example of swapping between nodes 2 and 9.Note that, among other changes, the link between 2 and 9 reverses direction. . . . .17 2.2 The generic gossiping skeleton for CYCLON. . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.3 Implementation of the generic gossiping skeleton hooks, for the CYCLON protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.4 (a) Average shortest path length between two nodes for different view lengths.(b) Average clustering coefficient taken over all nodes.22 2.5 Converged state of CYCLON.(a) Average shortest path length between two nodes.(b) Average clustering coefficient taken over all nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2.6 Indegree distribution in converged 100,000 node overlay, for basic swapping, enhanced swapping, and an overlay where each node has ℓ randomly chosen outgoing links.(a) View length ℓ = 20.(b) View length ℓ = 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.7 Effect of gossip length on convergence speed.N=100,000. . . . . 25 2.8 (a) Time until dead nodes are forgotten.(b) Number of dead links.29 2.9 (a) Number of disjoint clusters, as a result of removing a large percentage of nodes.Shows that the overlay does not break into two or more disjoint clusters, unless a major percentage of the nodes are removed.(b) Number of nodes not belonging to the largest cluster.Shows that in the first steps of clustering only a few nodes are separated from the main cluster, which still connects the grand majority of the nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 2.10 Tolerance to node removal, as a function of the view length.Network size is 100K nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 2.11 NEWSCAST converged state.(a) Average shortest path length between two nodes.(b) Average clustering coefficient taken over all nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 2.12 Indegree distribution in converged 100,000 node overlay, for NEWS-CAST, CYCLON (enhanced swapping), and a regular random graph of outdegree ℓ. . . . . . . . . . . . . .