Kinematics of a Particle
Oliver M. O’Reilly · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 2008
Introduction One of the main goals of this book is to enable the reader to take a physical system, model it by using particles or rigid bodies, and then interpret the results of the model. For this to happen, the reader needs to be equipped with an array of tools and techniques, the cornerstone of which is to be able to precisely formulate the kinematics of a particle. Without this foundation in place, the future conclusions on which they are based either do not hold up or lack conviction. Much of the material presented in this chapter will be repeatedly used throughout the book. We start the chapter with a discussion of coordinate systems for a particle moving in a three-dimensional space. This naturally leads us to a discussion of curvilinear coordinate systems. These systems encompass all of the familiar coordinate systems, and the material presented is useful in many other contexts. At the conclusion of our discussion of coordinate systems and its application to particle mechanics, you should be able to establish expressions for gradient and acceleration vectors in any coordinate system. The other major topics of this chapter pertain to constraints on the motion of particles. In earlier dynamics courses, these topics are intimately related to judicious choices of coordinate systems to solve particle problems. For such problems, a constraint was usually imposed on the position vector of a particle. Here, we also discuss time-varying constraints on the velocity vector of the particle.