Watermarking of images captured by mobile phone cameras using 2-D Walsh coding in the Y-channel
Kamal A. Ahmed, Hussain Al-Ahmad, Patrick A. Gaydecki · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · 2012
1-D Walsh coding was used to improve the robustness of digital image watermarking. In this paper, a robust and efficient digital image watermarking technique using 2-D Walsh coding is proposed. In this algorithm a personal mobile phone digits are embedded in images captured by the phone camera. The aim of the proposed technique is to protect the copyright ownership of the image. The algorithm is blind and does not require the original image in the extracting process. The mobile phone digits were encoded by using 2D Walsh functions then it was embedded in the low frequency coefficients of the discrete cosine transform of the host image. The performance of the proposed technique was evaluated using Stir mark tool. Results have shown that the use of 2-D Walsh coding survived various attacks such as JPEG compression, noise, and different image manipulation algorithms.