Extracting Route Directions from Web Pages.
Xiao Zhang, Prasenjit Mitra, Sen Xu, Anuj Jaiswal, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren · 2009
Linguists and geographers are more and more interested in route direction documents because they contain interesting motion descriptions and language patterns. A large number of such documents can be easily found on the Internet. A challenging task is to automatically extract meaningful route parts, i.e. destinations, origins and instructions, from route direction documents. However, no work exists on this issue. In this paper, we introduce our effort toward this goal. Based on our observation that sentences are the basic units for route parts, we extract sentences from HTML documents using both the natural language knowledge and HTML tag information. Additionally, we study the sentence classification problem in route direction documents and its sequential nature. Several machine learning methods are compared and analyzed. The impacts of different sets of features are studied. Based on the obtained insights, we propose to use sequence labelling models such as CRFs and MEMMs and they yield a high accuracy in route part extraction. The approach is evaluated on over 10,000 hand-tagged sentences in 100 documents. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our method. The above techniques have been implemented and published as the first module of the GeoCAM 1 system, which will also be briefly introduced in this paper. 1.