Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
Hai Liu, Amiya R. Nayak, Ivan Stojmenović · 2010
This chapter surveys existing flooding-based and position-based routing schemes. It describes a general cost to progress ratio-based approach for designing routing protocols under a variety of metrics, such as hop count, power, remaining energy, delay, and others. The chapter also describes routing with guaranteed delivery for unit disk graphs (UDGs) and an ideal medium access control (MAC) layer. Gabriel graph, as a localized planar and connected structure needed for such solutions is described. Solutions are expanded toward beaconless behavior, where nodes are not aware of their neighborhood. Georouting with virtual coordinates is based on hop distances to some landmarks. The chapter discusses the physical layer aspects of georouting, routing in sensor-actuator networks, and the load-balancing issue in routing. Resource-aware and link quality-based (RLQ) routing metric is a combined link cost metric, which is based on both energy efficiency and link quality statistics. Controlled Vocabulary Terms actuators; ad hoc networks; media access protocol; network routing; wireless sensor networks